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is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,263 at the 2000 census.
Charlton was first settled in 1735, and was officially incorporated in 1775. It became a separate district (from Oxford) in 1755, and based on that, the town celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2005. During the 1800s, farming continued to be the major occupation, but woolen mills were being built along some of the town's brooks by the turn of the twentieth century.