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is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States. The population was 6,159 at the 2000 census. The town is named after the Roman general and political leader Pompey by a clerk interested in the Classics.
Pompey was within the land of the Iroquois and later part of the former Central New York Military Tract, used to compensate soldiers of the American Revolution. The town was first settled by outsiders around 1789.
The Town of Pompey was formed in 1789, but not completely organized until 1794, when Onondaga County was established. The original town was divided and sub-divided into many other towns in the region, including all of the Towns of Fabius (1798), Tully, Preble, and Scott (the latter two now in Cortland County), along with parts of the Towns of Spafford, Otisco (1806), LaFayette (1825), Onondaga (1794), Truxton and Cuyler (The latter two now in Cortland County).
The Village of Pompey developed about 10.5 miles south of the main east-west Native American trail, which became the Genesee Road (1794) and then the Seneca Turnpike (1800), running through Cazenovia, Manlius and Onondaga Hollow (south of Syracuse). The segment of modern US 20, connecting Cazenovia and Skaneateles by way of Pompey and LaFayette, was not built until 1934.