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is a small city located in northwestern Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. Brookville's population was 5,289 at the time of the 2000 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Brookville was first established in 1832 when Warren Estabrook opened a general store just north of the present-day intersection of Main and Wolf Creek Streets. This small community began to grow in 1844 when the Wolf Creek Turnpike was opened from Dayton to Brookville.
The village land was surveyed and platted by Jacob Frees April 13, 1850, for Jacob Flory, the proprietor of fifteen lots. By 1855, the Brookville post office was established, with Moses Wagaman as Postmaster. Due to the community's continued growth, Brookville's 425 citizens incorporated on September 9, 1874.
Brookville's early growth was a direct result of its relationship with road and rail. The early trails through Brookville were the result of the work by the men under the lead of General Anthony Wayne. In 1793 his men cleared old Indian trails for easier travel.
By 1848, rail construction through Brookville had started. Housing and businesses started began to thrive with the influx of workers. The rail would connect Dayton and Greenville.
The line became a reality June 10, 1852 as the Dayton and Greenville Railroad Company was ready for travel. Railroads influence on Brookville throughout the late 19th Century into the 20th Century helped shape the modern structure of the village. Depots and warehouses sprang up to deal with all the commerce rail created.
One of the most infamous events from the Brookville rail era was the Labor Day tragedy of 1945 involving the collision between The Spirit of St. Louis Special train and a car at the Albert Rd. crossing.