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is a city in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and near the Pennsylvania-Ohio border just 18 miles (30 km) east of Youngstown, Ohio; in 1910, the total population was 36,280; in 1920, 44,938; and in 1940, 47,638. The population has fallen to 26,309 according to the 2000 census which is attributed as part of a general decline in the regional demographics rooted in the closing of heavy industry manufactories in the so called Rustbelt region. It is the county seat of Lawrence County. New Castle is the principal city of the New Castle micropolitan area and a part of the Pittsburgh-New Castle combined statistical area. It is the commercial centre of a fertile agricultural region. New Castle is a prime example of a Rust Belt city which has been forced to adapt to changing economic situations.
New Castle is located at (40.997325, -80.344556), along the Shenango River at the mouth of Neshannock Creek.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.6 square miles (22.2 km²), of which, 8.5 square miles (22.1 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.47%) is water.